Effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst variation on the transesterification results of used cooking oil
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Abstract
Used cooking oil is one of the potential raw materials for producing biodiesel in order to reduce the impact of environmental pollution and diseases caused by its repeated consumption. This research aims to analyze the effect of variations in the concentration of the alkaline catalyst Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) of 0.1% and 0.2% on the characteristics of the methyl ester resulting from the transesterification of used cooking oil, with test parameters covering Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, acid number, density, pH, and yield. The method used was esterification with a 1% H2SO4 catalyst to reduce the initial FFA content of the used cooking oil from 3.6% to 0.7%, followed by a transesterification process using the reflux method at a temperature of 60°C–65°C for 30 minutes. The test results show that the 0.1% NaOH catalyst variation produced an FFA content of 0.4%, an acid number of 0.05 mg NaOH/g, a density of 875.5 kg/m3 , a pH of 7, and a yield of 69%. Meanwhile, the 0.2% NaOH catalyst variation produced an FFA content of 0.6%, an acid number of 0.09 mg NaOH/g, a density of 871.5 kg/m3 , a pH of 7, and a yield of 69%. Both variations have met the SNI 7182:2015 quality standard for the density and pH parameters, with the 0.2% catalyst variation providing optimal conversion efficiency.
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